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E110: A specific word or symbol was expected

What compiler error E110 means, and how to fix it.

Turf was in the middle of a construct that has a fixed shape and found something other than the next fixed piece. The message names the exact word or symbol it wanted.

A few of the fixed shapes:

Example
for i in 0..10 { ... }               // `in` after the loop variabledo { ... } while keep_going;          // `while` after a do-blockgive a otherwise b                   // `otherwise` after `give`compare x { matches 1: ... }         // `matches` or `otherwise` in a comparevalue recover run { ... };           // `run`, `produce` or `as` after `recover`extern fn malloc(n: int): ptr;       // `fn` after `extern`export immut MAX: int = 3;           // `immut` after `export`machine Door { Open -> Closed }      // `->` between two states

Compare what you wrote with the shape above and add or fix the piece the message asks for. If you wrote a lookalike (a then instead of {, := instead of =), that is the one to change: Turf has no alias for it.

Run turf --explain E110 in a terminal to read this again.

Last updated: Oct 15, 2026Edit this page on GitHub

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